Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2018

Publication Title

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research

DOI

10.9734/JAMMR/2018/40729

Abstract

Aim: This research was aimed to assess the potential for inhibition of protein binding of phenytoin by tizoxanide in human plasma. Phenytoin was used because studies have proven to be a highly plasma protein-bound drug with a narrow therapeutic index and non-linear pharmacokinetics. Tizoxanide is another highly protein-bound active metabolite of an anti-infective prodrug nitazoxanide. Both drugs are expected to be administered together due to their therapeutic indications.

Study Design: The study was divided into two phases. Phase 1 produced a reference line of phenytoin protein binding values. Phase 2 was conducted to reveal the effect of the interactant tizoxanide on the protein binding of phenytoin. The results obtained from phase 1 were compared with those of phase 2.

Methodology: Protein binding of phenytoin was studied using a centrifugal ultrafiltration method. Protein binding of three phenytoin concentrations was studied: 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL. The concentrations of phenytoin were analyzed by validated HPLC method. Each experiment was performed in triplicate.

Results: Co-administration of tizoxanide significantly inhibited protein binding of phenytoin for all concentrations tested. Tizoxanide increased unbound fraction (fu) of phenytoin by 4.4, 3.7, and 2.8-fold for concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml, respectively. Phenytoin was displaced from protein binding sites what resulted in amplified unbound plasma levels of the antiepileptic drug.

Conclusion: Tizoxanide significantly inhibited protein binding of phenytoin in human plasma. The interaction could potentially result in altered elimination and increased toxicity of phenytoin leading to neuronal side effects and hypersensitivity reactions. Caution also should be taken when administering nitazoxanide concurrently with other highly plasma protein-bound drugs, especially drugs with narrow therapeutic indices, as competition for binding sites may occur.

Publisher's Statement

Originally published in Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 25(11), 1-7. The original material can be found here.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.