Mechanisms of DNA-Reactive and Epigenetic Chemical Carcinogens: Applications to Carcinogenicity Testing and Risk Assessment

Authors

Tetyana Kobets, New York Medical CollegeFollow
Michael J. Iatropoulos, New York Medical CollegeFollow
Gary M. Williams, New York Medical CollegeFollow

Journal Title

Toxicology Research

First Page

123

Last Page

145

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

March 2019

Department

Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology

Abstract

Chemicals with carcinogenic activity in either animals or humans produce increases in neoplasia through diverse mechanisms. One mechanism is reaction with nuclear DNA. Other mechanisms consist of epigenetic effects involving either modifications of regulatory macromolecules or perturbation of cellular regulatory processes. The basis for distinguishing between carcinogens that have either DNA reactivity or an epigenetic activity as their primary mechanism of action is detailed in this review. In addition, important applications of information on these mechanisms of action to carcinogenicity testing and human risk assessment are discussed.

Recommended Citation

Kobets, T., Iatropoulos, M., & Williams, G. (2019). Mechanisms of DNA-Reactive and Epigenetic Chemical Carcinogens: Applications to Carcinogenicity Testing and Risk Assessment. Toxicology Research, 8 (2), 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tx00250a