NYMC Faculty Publications
Appraising Esketamine Nasal Spray for the Management of Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults: Number Needed to Treat, Number Needed to Harm, and Likelihood to be Helped or Harmed
Journal Title
Journal of Affective Disorders
First Page
228
Last Page
238
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
6-15-2020
Department
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This post hoc study assessed the evidence-base for esketamine nasal spray for management of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) using number needed to treat (NNT), number needed to harm (NNH), and likelihood to be helped or harmed (LHH).
METHODS: Data sources were four phase III randomized, double-blind studies including two positive studies (acute flexible-dose; maintenance) in patients with TRD. Key efficacy study outcomes: acute response (≥50% decrease from baseline on Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] total score), acute remission (MADRS scores ≤12). NNT, NNH were calculated for esketamine nasal spray+newly initiated oral antidepressant (esketamine+AD) vs. placebo+AD.
RESULTS: In the pivotal acute flexible-dose study, MADRS response (63.4% vs. 49.5%) and remission (48.2% vs. 30.3%) at 4 weeks resulted in NNT of 8 and 6 for esketamine+AD vs. placebo+AD. NNH values(26.1% vs. 3.7%), vertigo (26.1% vs. 2.8%), nausea (26.1% vs. 6.4%), dizziness (20.9% vs. 4.6%), and dysgeusia (24.3% vs. 11.9%). Discontinuation rates due to adverse events (AE) (7.0% vs. 0.9%) yielded NNH=17. LHH comparing MADRS remission vs. discontinuation due to AE was 17 vs. 6. Maintenance use of esketamine+AD demonstrated NNT values/or maintenance of remission. In maintenance study, discontinuation due to AE (2.6% vs. 2.1%) yielded NNH=178 (non-significant).
LIMITATIONS: Only dichotomous outcomes were included.
CONCLUSION: NNTesketamine+AD for both acute and maintenance use. LHH was favorable: esketamine+AD was 3 times likely to result in acute remission vs. discontinuations due to AE.
Recommended Citation
Citrome, L., DiBernardo, A., & Singh, J. (2020). Appraising Esketamine Nasal Spray for the Management of Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults: Number Needed to Treat, Number Needed to Harm, and Likelihood to be Helped or Harmed. Journal of Affective Disorders, 271, 228-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.106
