NYMC Faculty Publications

Age-Dependent Heterogeneity in the Efficacy of Prophylaxis With Enoxaparin Against Catheter-Associated Thrombosis in Critically Ill Children: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Bayesian Phase 2b Randomized Clinical Trial

Author Type(s)

Faculty

DOI

10.1097/CCM.0000000000004848

Journal Title

Critical Care Medicine

First Page

369

Last Page

380

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

4-1-2021

Department

Pediatrics

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We explored the age-dependent heterogeneity in the efficacy of prophylaxis with enoxaparin against central venous catheter-associated deep venous thrombosis in critically ill children.

DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of a Bayesian phase 2b randomized clinical trial.

SETTING: Seven PICUs.

PATIENTS: Children less than 18 years old with newly inserted central venous catheter.

INTERVENTIONS: Enoxaparin started less than 24 hours after insertion of central venous catheter and adjusted to anti-Xa level of 0.2-0.5 international units/mL versus usual care.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 51 children randomized, 24 were infants less than 1 year old. Risk ratios of central venous catheter-associated deep venous thrombosis with prophylaxis with enoxaparin were 0.98 (95% credible interval, 0.37-2.44) in infants and 0.24 (95% credible interval, 0.04-0.82) in older children greater than or equal to 1 year old. Infants and older children achieved anti-Xa level greater than or equal to 0.2 international units/mL at comparable times. While central venous catheter was in situ, endogenous thrombin potential, a measure of thrombin generation, was 223.21 nM.min (95% CI, 8.78-437.64 nM.min) lower in infants. Factor VIII activity, a driver of thrombin generation, was also lower in infants by 45.1% (95% CI, 15.7-74.4%). Median minimum platelet count while central venous catheter was in situ was higher in infants by 39 × 103/mm3 (interquartile range, 17-61 × 103/mm3). Central venous catheter:vein ratio was not statistically different. Prophylaxis with enoxaparin was less efficacious against central venous catheter-associated deep venous thrombosis at lower factor VIII activity and at higher platelet count.

CONCLUSIONS: The relatively lesser contribution of thrombin generation on central venous catheter-associated thrombus formation in critically ill infants potentially explains the age-dependent heterogeneity in the efficacy of prophylaxis with enoxaparin.

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