SARS-Cov-2 Infections, Impaired Tissue, and Metabolic Health: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutics

Authors

Shailendra Pratap Singh, Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595, NY, USA.
Aayushi Bhatnagar, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.
Sujeet Kumar Singh, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.
Sanjib K. Patra, Department of Yoga, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.
Navjot Kanwar, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India.
Abhinav Kanwal, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India.
Salomon Amar, Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595, NY, USA.Follow
Ranata Manna, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.

Author Type(s)

Faculty

DOI

10.2174/1389557522666220201154845

Journal Title

Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry

First Page

2102

Last Page

2123

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2022

Department

Pharmacology

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 enters the human airways and comes into contact with the mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyes. The virus enters the healthy cells and uses cell machinery to make several copies itself. Critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may have damaged lungs, air sacs, lining, and walls. Since COVID-19 causes cytokine storm, it damages the alveolar cells of the lungs and fills them with fluid, making it harder to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a range of complications, including mild to critical breathing difficulties. It has been observed that older people suffering from health conditions like cardiomyopathies, nephropathies, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes instigate severe symptoms. Many people who died due to COVID-19 had impaired metabolic health [IMH], characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, i.e., diabetes, cardiovascular system, and renal diseases, making their retrieval challenging. Jeopardy stresses for increased mortality from COVID-19 include older age, COPD, ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and immunosuppression. However, no targeted therapies are available as of now. Almost two-thirds of diagnosed coronavirus patients had cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, out of which 37% were under 60. The NHS audit revealed that with a higher expression of ACE-2 receptors, viral particles could easily bind their protein spikes and get inside the cells, finally causing COVID-19 infection. Hence, people with IMH are more prone to COVID-19 and, ultimately, comorbidities. This review provides enormous information about tissue [lungs, heart, and kidneys] damage, pathophysiological changes, and impaired metabolic health of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Moreover, it also designates the possible therapeutic targets of COVID-19 and drugs which can be used against these targets.

Recommended Citation

Singh, S. P., Bhatnagar, A., Singh, S. K., Patra, S. K., Kanwar, N., Kanwal, A., Amar, S., & Manna, R. (2022). SARS-Cov-2 Infections, Impaired Tissue, and Metabolic Health: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutics. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 22 (16), 2102-2123. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557522666220201154845