Vascular and Heart Diseases in the Incumbent Presidents and Vice Presidents of the United States of America: A Medical-Historical Perspective

Authors

William H. Frishman, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. William_Frishman@nymc.edu
Franklin H. Zimmerman
Robert G. Lerner

Author Type(s)

Faculty

DOI

10.1097/CRD.0b013e31827303b5

Journal Title

Cardiology in Review

First Page

1

Last Page

8

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2013

Abstract

Vascular diseases have been the major cause of death and disability in presidents and vice presidents of the United States. Untreated hypertension and cigarette smoking have contributed greatly to this increased morbidity and mortality risk, which has impacted on historical events, especially in the 20th century. In this article, the medical histories of those incumbent Presidents and Vice Presidents who suffered from coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases will be reviewed. A discussion of how atrial fibrillation has affected the Presidents is also included.

Recommended Citation

Frishman, W. H., Zimmerman, F. H., & Lerner, R. G. (2013). Vascular and Heart Diseases in the Incumbent Presidents and Vice Presidents of the United States of America: A Medical-Historical Perspective. Cardiology in Review, 21 (1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/CRD.0b013e31827303b5