NYMC Faculty Publications

Beyond the Surface: Uncovering Secondary Causes of Osteoporosis for Optimal Management

Author Type(s)

Student, Resident/Fellow, Faculty

DOI

10.3390/biomedicines12112558

Journal Title

Biomedicines

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-1-2024

Department

Surgery

Second Department

Neurology

Third Department

Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology

Keywords

bone mineral density, fragility fractures, secondary osteoporosis, treatment of osteoporosis

Disciplines

Medicine and Health Sciences

Abstract

Osteoporosis (OP), a condition marked by reduced bone mineral density and increased fracture risk, can arise either as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases and medications. While primary OP typically relates to age-related or postmenopausal changes, secondary OP results from underlying conditions or drug exposures, complicating diagnosis and management. This review explores the pathophysiology, prevalence, and treatment approaches for secondary OP arising from endocrine, renal, gastrointestinal, hematological, and autoimmune disorders, as well as medication side effects. The findings highlight that secondary OP is frequently undiagnosed, particularly in premenopausal women and men, with conditions such as chronic kidney disease, glucocorticoid use, and diabetes among the primary contributors. Management strategies must be tailored to address the underlying conditions to effectively reduce fracture risk and improve outcomes. Ultimately, this review underscores the necessity for increased clinical awareness and more targeted interventions for optimal management of secondary OP.

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