NYMC Faculty Publications

Pharmacological Update and Emerging Treatments of Pulmonary Hypertension

Author Type(s)

Faculty

DOI

10.1097/CRD.0000000000000647

Journal Title

Cardiology in Review

First Page

494

Last Page

501

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-1-2025

Department

Medicine

Keywords

chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, functional class, interstitial lung disease, left heart disease, pharmacotherapy, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vascular remodeling

Disciplines

Medicine and Health Sciences

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as elevated pressures in the pulmonary artery and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization classifies PH into 5 distinct groups based on underlying etiology, pathology, and modality of treatment. Therapeutic approach may be challenging due to the extensive spectrum of causes and underlying mechanisms mediating PH. The 5 groups include pulmonary arterial hypertension (group 1), PH secondary to left heart disease (group 2), PH secondary to chronic lung disease (group 3), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (group 4), and PH due to miscellaneous causes (group 5). Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of group 1 PH, there is a continued need to develop new therapies for all types of PH. Additionally, most treatments currently available improve functional capacity and symptoms but without a significant benefit in mortality. In this review, we aim to describe the various etiologies of PH and their established pharmacotherapies, as well as expand on emerging therapeutic options for each group.

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