NYMC Faculty Publications

Digoxin Dilemma: Diagnosing Toxicity Amidst Dementia

DOI

10.19102/icrm.2025.16041

Journal Title

Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management

First Page

6235

Last Page

6238

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

4-1-2025

Department

Medicine

Keywords

Atrial fibrillation, dementia, digoxin immune Fab, digoxin toxicity, elderly patient

Disciplines

Medicine and Health Sciences

Abstract

Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside and sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor, has a narrow therapeutic index and is primarily prescribed for conditions such as systolic heart failure and atrial fibrillation. This narrow window increases the risk of toxicity, especially among susceptible populations. Although digoxin use has declined in recent decades and cases of toxicity have become less frequent, clinicians must remain vigilant, particularly with geriatric patients, who are more susceptible due to polypharmacy and reduced renal function. Here, we present a case of a 77-year-old woman with dementia who exhibited elevated digoxin levels and was successfully treated with digoxin immune Fab. While the use of immune Fab in chronic toxicity cases remains uncertain, our retrospective review of similar cases, managed both with and without immune Fab, provides insights into its role and limitations. We further underscore the importance of regular digoxin monitoring rather than checking the levels only during toxic episodes, as consistent monitoring can prevent fatal cases and reduce overall mortality.

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