NYMC Faculty Publications
ATM Activation and H2AX Phosphorylation Induced by Genotoxic Agents Assessed by Flow- and Laser Scanning Cytometry
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4939-6955-5_14
Journal Title
Methods in Molecular Biology
First Page
183
Last Page
196
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-9-2017
Department
Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology
Abstract
Activation of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mediated protein kinase (ATM) by its phosphorylation on serine 1981 and phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139 (gammaH2AX) are the key events reporting DNA damage, primarily formation of DNA double strand breaks. These events are detected immunocytochemically in individual cells using phospho-specific Abs. The protocols are presented that describe the methodology of immunofluorescent labeling of cells in conjunction with specific staining of cellular DNA. Flow- and imaging-cytometry, the latter exemplified as laser scanning cytometry, is used to quantify intensity of cellular fluorescence reporting activation of ATM and induction of gammaH2AX with respect to cellular DNA content, which in turn reports the cell cycle phase. Different protocols are presented for analysis of cells either grown in suspension or attached to surface of culture vessels. Examples of ATM activation and H2AX phosphorylation in response to DNA damage in leukemic HL-60 cells by DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan, and in lung carcinoma A549 cells by hydrogen peroxide, are presented.
Recommended Citation
Zhao, H., Halicka, D., Garcia, J., Li, J., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2017). ATM Activation and H2AX Phosphorylation Induced by Genotoxic Agents Assessed by Flow- and Laser Scanning Cytometry. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1599, 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6955-5_14
