Salmon Aquaculture and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Marine Environment

Authors

Alejandro H. Buschmann
Alexandra Tomova
Alejandra Lopez
Miguel A. Maldonado
Luis A. Henriquez
Larisa Ivanova, New York Medical CollegeFollow
Fred Moy, New York Medical CollegeFollow
Henry P. Godfrey, New York Medical CollegeFollow
Felipe C. Cabello, New York Medical CollegeFollow

DOI

10.1371/journal.pone.0042724

Journal Title

PLoS One

First Page

e42724

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2012

Department

Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology

Second Department

Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology

Abstract

Antimicrobials used in salmon aquaculture pass into the marine environment. This could have negative impacts on marine environmental biodiversity, and on terrestrial animal and human health as a result of selection for bacteria containing antimicrobial resistance genes. We therefore measured the numbers of culturable bacteria and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in marine sediments in the Calbuco Archipelago, Chile, over 12-month period at a salmon aquaculture site approximately 20 m from a salmon farm and at a control site 8 km distant without observable aquaculture activities. Three antimicrobials extensively used in Chilean salmon aquaculture (oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, and florfenicol) were studied. Although none of these antimicrobials was detected in sediments from either site, traces of flumequine, a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial also widely used in Chile, were present in sediments from both sites during this period. There were significant increases in bacterial numbers and antimicrobial-resistant fractions to oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, and florfenicol in sediments from the aquaculture site compared to those from the control site. Interestingly, there were similar numbers of presumably plasmid-mediated resistance genes for oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid and florfenicol in unselected marine bacteria isolated from both aquaculture and control sites. These preliminary findings in one location may suggest that the current use of large amounts of antimicrobials in Chilean aquaculture has the potential to select for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in marine sediments.

Recommended Citation

Buschmann, A., Tomova, A., Lopez, A., Maldonado, M., Henriquez, L., Ivanova, L., Moy, F., Godfrey, H., & Cabello, F. (2012). Salmon Aquaculture and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Marine Environment. PLoS One, 7 (8), e42724. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042724

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.