NYMC Faculty Publications

Cardioprotective Heme Oxygenase-1-PGC1alpha Signaling in Epicardial Fat Attenuates Cardiovascular Risk in Humans as in Obese Mice

DOI

10.1002/oby.22608

Journal Title

Obesity

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

August 2019

Department

Medicine

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether levels of signaling pathways and inflammatory adipokines in epicardial fat regulate cardiovascular risks in humans and mice. METHODS: Epicardial fat was obtained from the hearts of patients with heart failure requiring coronary artery bypass surgery, and signaling pathways were compared with visceral fat. The genetic profile of epicardial and visceral fat from humans was also compared with genetic profiles of epicardial and visceral fat in obese mice. Left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening was measured in obese mice before and after treatment with inducers of mitochondrial signaling heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1alpha). An RNA array/heat map on 88 genes that regulate adipose tissue function was used to identify a target gene network. RESULTS: Human epicardial fat gene profiling expressed decreased levels of mitochondrial signaling of HO-1-PGC1alpha and an increase of the inflammatory adipokine CCN family member 3. Similar observations were seen in epicardial and visceral fat of obese mice. Improvement in LV function was linked to the increase in mitochondrial signaling in epicardial fat of obese mice. CONCLUSIONS: There is a link between cardiac ectopic fat deposition and cardiac function in humans that is similar to that which is described in obese mice. An increase of mitochondrial signaling pathway genes in epicardial fat attenuates cardiometabolic dysfunction and LV fractional shortening in obese mice.

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